Nama : Sultan Chairul

Nim : 2581484737

What is the difference between a virus, a worm, and ransomware?
Describe the steps of a typical phishing attack. How can a business train its employees to spot one?
Explain what a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is and how it impacts business availability?

Answer :

1. Difference between a virus, worm, and ransomware

Virus
A virus is malicious software that attaches itself to a file or program. It spreads when users open or run the infected file.
It usually requires human action to activate.

Worm
A worm is a type of malware that spreads automatically across networks without needing user interaction.
It can move quickly from one system to another by exploiting vulnerabilities.

Ransomware
Ransomware is malware that locks or encrypts a victim’s data and demands payment to restore access.
Its goal is financial gain rather than just spreading.

Key difference:

Virus: needs user action
Worm: spreads on its own
Ransomware: blocks access and demands money

2. Steps of a typical phishing attack

Preparation
The attacker creates a fake message that looks like it comes from a trusted source, such as a bank or company.
Delivery
The message is sent via email, SMS, or messaging apps.
Deception
The message creates urgency or fear, such as “your account will be locked.”
Action
The victim clicks a link or downloads an attachment.
Exploitation
The victim enters sensitive information or unknowingly installs malware.
Outcome
The attacker uses the stolen data for fraud or further attacks.