Modul Questions 3

What is the difference between a virus, a worm, and ransomware?
Describe the steps of a typical phishing attack. How can a business train its employees to spot one?
Explain what a Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is and how it impacts business availability?

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Virus

Attaches to a legitimate file or program.
Spreads when the infected file is executed by a user.
Usually requires human action to activate.

Worm

Standalone malware that spreads automatically across networks.
Does not need a host file or user action.
Can rapidly infect many systems.

Ransomware

Encrypts a victim’s files or system.
Demands payment to restore access.
Focuses on extortion rather than just spreading.

Steps of a Typical Phishing Attack

Preparation – Attacker creates a fake email or website that looks legitimate (e.g., bank, company, or vendor).
Delivery – The phishing message is sent to targets via email, SMS, or social media.
Deception – The message creates urgency (e.g., “Account suspended” or “Invoice overdue”).
Action – Victim clicks a link or downloads an attachment.
Exploitation – Login credentials or sensitive data are stolen.

How a Business Can Train Employees

Security awareness training (regular sessions on phishing tactics).
Simulated phishing tests to practice detection.
Teach employees to check:
- Suspicious email addresses
- Spelling/grammar errors
- Unexpected attachments or urgent requests
Encourage reporting suspicious emails immediately

A Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is a cyberattack where multiple compromised devices (often part of a botnet) flood a server, website, or network with massive amounts of traffic.